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Wednesday, 16 April 2025

Great and Holy Wednesday

4 days before Pascha · Presanctified · Lenten Fast (No overrides)

Presanctified Liturgy

Saints commemorated

Holy martyr Leonidas and his companions of Corinth

The holy martyr Leonidas suffered at Corinth in the days of the emperor Decius (249 to 251). He had been a teacher of the Church in Troezen of the Peloponnese, and was brought to Corinth for trial as a Christian together with seven holy women: Chariessa, Nika, Galena, Kalida, Nunechia, Basilissa and Theodora. The governor Venustus questioned them concerning their faith, and finding them firm in their confession of Christ, ordered them to be tormented. Leonidas was suspended in the air and his sides scraped with iron claws, but he confessed all the more boldly that he was a Christian. Together with his women companions he was finally cast into the sea bound with stones; but the holy women, going down into the water as if into a bridal chamber, sang hymns of victory before they drowned. Some accounts add that Leonidas was first beheaded and then his body cast into the deep. Their relics were later transferred to Athens, where they were venerated, and on this account the bishop Leonidas of Athens commemorated yesterday is sometimes confused with this Corinthian martyr. The Greek tradition keeps their memory on this day.

Holy virgin martyrs Agape, Irene and Chionia of Illyria

304

The holy martyrs Agape, Irene and Chionia were sisters who lived at the end of the third century and the beginning of the fourth, near the Italian city of Aquileia. Left orphaned at an early age, the young women led pious Christian lives, refusing many offers of marriage in order to remain faithful to Christ alone. Their names bore witness to their virtues: Chionia, "snow," preserved the purity of her baptism; Irene, "peace," preserved the peace of Christ within her; and Agape, "love," loved God with all her heart and her neighbour as herself. After their spiritual father Zeno was martyred, the sisters were arrested and brought before the emperor Diocletian, who urged them to deny Christ and promised to find them illustrious bridegrooms among his courtiers. The sisters replied that their only Bridegroom was Christ, for whom they were ready to suffer. Diocletian sent them under guard to his vicar Dulcetius, who attempted to violate them but was struck blind. Sisinius then sentenced Agape and Chionia to be burned alive: in the flames they surrendered their pure souls to the Lord, and afterwards their bodies and clothing were found unscorched and their faces peaceful. Saint Irene was sent to a brothel but was miraculously delivered to a high mountain, where Sisinius pursued her and ordered her shot through with an arrow; she died in 304 praising God.

Saint Felix of Seville, deacon and martyr

Saint Felix was a deacon of the church of Seville in the south of Spain who suffered martyrdom for his confession of Christ. The earliest sources, including the Hieronymian Martyrology and the Mozarabic liturgy, preserve his name as a martyr of Seville on this day, and his veneration in the city has continued through the centuries despite the obscurity that attends the lives of many of the early Spanish martyrs. He is generally placed in the period of Roman persecution, and is honoured in the Iberian Orthodox usage among the western saints of the undivided Church before the schism. Seville produced a number of martyrs in the early Christian period, including the famous sister-martyrs Justa and Rufina, and the church there preserved the memory of Felix as one of its earliest witnesses. The relics venerated at the church of San Felix in the city were long associated with him.

Saint Theodore the Sykeote, bishop of Anastasiopolis

613

Saint Theodore was born in the mid sixth century in the village of Sykeon, not far from the city of Anastasiopolis in Galatia of Asia Minor. When his mother Maria conceived him she saw in vision a bright star shining over her womb, and the Great Martyr George appeared to her in a dream, telling her that her son was destined to serve God and not the army. From childhood Theodore was given to fasting and prayer, fleeing the pleasures of the world. He took up the ascetic life in a cave near a chapel of Saint George, eating only what little his sister brought him, and was so closely bound to the holy great martyr that George appeared to him many times throughout his life. The local bishop Theodosius ordained him to the diaconate and afterwards to the priesthood at the age of eighteen. He visited the holy places of Jerusalem and the desert monasteries, receiving the monastic habit at the Lavra of Choziba, then returned to Galatia. About the year 584 he was consecrated bishop of Anastasiopolis, where he shepherded his flock for ten years before being permitted to lay aside the burden of governance and return to the contemplative life while keeping his episcopal rank. He was a great worker of miracles and exorcisms; the demons called him "iron-eater" because of the harshness of his ascetic life. He reposed in 613. Most calendars keep his principal commemoration on 22 April, but a number of Greek sources also note this day, and his name is included on this day in some local usage. His Life by his disciple George of Sykeon is one of the most vivid documents of late antique monasticism.

Daily readings

Gospel

— Bridegroom weekly cycle

John — John 12.17-50

17The multitude therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb, and raised him from the dead, bare witness. 17The people therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of his grave, and raised him from the dead, bare record. 18For this cause also the multitude went and met him, for that they heard that he had done this sign. 18For this cause the people also met him, for that they heard that he had done this miracle. 19The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, Perceive ye how ye prevail nothing? behold, the world is gone after him. 19The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, Behold how ye prevail nothing; lo, the world is gone after him.

20And there were certain Greeks among them that came up to worship at the feast:

20Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast: 21these therefore came to Philip, who was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus. 21The same came therefore to Philip, which was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and desired him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus. 22Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: and again Andrew and Philip tell Jesus. 22Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: Andrew cometh, and Philip, and they tell Jesus. 23And Jesus answereth them, saying, The hour is come, that the Son of man should be glorified.

23And Jesus answered them, saying, The hour is come, that the Son of man should be glorified. 24Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abideth by itself alone; but if it die, it beareth much fruit. 24Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit. 25He that loveth his life shall lose it; and he that hateth his life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal. 25He that loveth his life loseth it; and he that hateth his life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal. 26If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there shall also my servant be: if any man serve me, him will my Father honour. 26If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there shall also my servant be: if any man serve me, him will the Father honor. 27Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour. But for this cause came I unto this hour. 27Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour: but for this cause came I unto this hour. 28Father, glorify thy name. There came therefore a voice out of heaven, saying, I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again. 28Father, glorify thy name. Then came there a voice from heaven, saying, I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again. 29The multitude therefore, that stood by, and heard it, said that it had thundered: others said, An angel hath spoken to him. 29The people therefore, that stood by, and heard it, said that it thundered: others said, An angel spake to him. 30Jesus answered and said, This voice came not because of me, but for your sakes. 30Jesus answered and said, This voice hath not come for my sake, but for your sakes. 31Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out. 31Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out. 32And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me. 32And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto myself. 33But this he said, signifying by what manner of death he should die. 33This he said, signifying what death he should die. 34The people answered him, We have heard out of the law that Christ abideth for ever: and how sayest thou, The Son of man must be lifted up? who is this Son of man? 34The multitude therefore answered him, We have heard out of the law that the Christ abideth for ever: and how sayest thou, The Son of man must be lifted up? who is this Son of man? 35Jesus therefore said unto them, Yet a little while is the light among you. Walk while ye have the light, that darkness overtake you not: and he that walketh in the darkness knoweth not whither he goeth. 35Then Jesus said unto them, Yet a little while is the light with you. Walk while ye have the light, lest darkness come upon you: for he that walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goeth.

36While ye have the light, believe on the light, that ye may become sons of light. These things spake Jesus, and he departed and hid himself from them. 36While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be the children of light. These things spake Jesus, and departed, and did hide himself from them. 37But though he had done so many signs before them, yet they believed not on him:

37But though he had done so many miracles before them, yet they believed not on him: 38that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? And to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed? 38That the saying of Esaias the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed? 39Therefore they could not believe, because that Esaias said again,

39For this cause they could not believe, for that Isaiah said again, 40He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them. 40He hath blinded their eyes, and he hardened their heart; Lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, And should turn, And I should heal them.

41These things said Isaiah, because he saw his glory; and he spake of him. 41These things said Esaias, when he saw his glory, and spake of him.

42Nevertheless among the chief rulers also many believed on him; but because of the Pharisees they did not confess him, lest they should be put out of the synagogue: 42Nevertheless even of the rulers many believed on him; but because of the Pharisees they did not confess it, lest they should be put out of the synagogue: 43for they loved the glory that is of men more than the glory that is of God. 43For they loved the praise of men more than the praise of God.

44Jesus cried and said, He that believeth on me, believeth not on me, but on him that sent me.

44And Jesus cried and said, He that believeth on me, believeth not on me, but on him that sent me. 45And he that beholdeth me beholdeth him that sent me. 45And he that seeth me seeth him that sent me. 46I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me may not abide in the darkness. 46I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me should not abide in darkness. 47And if any man hear my words, and believe not, I judge him not: for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. 47And if any man hear my sayings, and keep them not, I judge him not: for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. 48He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my sayings, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I spake, the same shall judge him in the last day. 48He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day. 49For I have not spoken of myself; but the Father which sent me, he gave me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak. 49For I spake not from myself; but the Father that sent me, he hath given me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak. 50And I know that his commandment is life everlasting: whatsoever I speak therefore, even as the Father said unto me, so I speak. 50And I know that his commandment is life eternal; the things therefore which I speak, even as the Father hath said unto me, so I speak.

6th Hour

weekly cycle

Ezekiel — Ezekiel 2.3-3.3

3And he said unto me, Son of man, I send thee to the children of Israel, to a rebellious nation that hath rebelled against me: they and their fathers have transgressed against me, even unto this very day. 3And he said unto me, Son of man, I send thee to the children of Israel, to nations that are rebellious, which have rebelled against me: they and their fathers have transgressed against me even unto this very day. 4For they are impudent children and stiffhearted. I do send thee unto them; and thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD. 4And the children are impudent and stiffhearted: I do send thee unto them; and thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah. 5And they, whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear, (for they are a rebellious house,) yet shall know that there hath been a prophet among them. 5And they, whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear (for they are a rebellious house), yet shall know that there hath been a prophet among them.

6And thou, son of man, be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of their words, though briers and thorns be with thee, and thou dost dwell among scorpions: be not afraid of their words, nor be dismayed at their looks, though they be a rebellious house. 6And thou, son of man, be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of their words, though briers and thorns are with thee, and thou dost dwell among scorpions: be not afraid of their words, nor be dismayed at their looks, though they are a rebellious house. 7And thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear: for they are most rebellious. 7And thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear; for they are most rebellious.

8But thou, son of man, hear what I say unto thee; be not thou rebellious like that rebellious house: open thy mouth, and eat that which I give thee. 8But thou, son of man, hear what I say unto thee; Be not thou rebellious like that rebellious house: open thy mouth, and eat that I give thee. 9And when I looked, behold, a hand was put forth unto me; and, lo, a roll of a book was therein;

9And when I looked, behold, an hand was sent unto me; and, lo, a roll of a book was therein; 10And he spread it before me; and it was written within and without: and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe. 10and he spread it before me: and it was written within and without; and there were written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.

1Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, eat that thou findest; eat this roll, and go speak unto the house of Israel.

1And he said unto me, Son of man, eat that which thou findest; eat this roll, and go, speak unto the house of Israel. 2So I opened my mouth, and he caused me to eat that roll. 2So I opened my mouth, and he caused me to eat the roll. 3And he said unto me, Son of man, cause thy belly to eat, and fill thy bowels with this roll that I give thee. Then did I eat it; and it was in my mouth as honey for sweetness. 3And he said unto me, Son of man, cause thy belly to eat, and fill thy bowels with this roll that I give thee. Then did I eat it; and it was in my mouth as honey for sweetness.

Vespers

weekly cycle

Exodus — Exodus 2.11-22

11And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren.

11And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown up, that he went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he saw an Egyptian smiting a Hebrew, one of his brethren. 12And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no man, he slew the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand. 12And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no man, he smote the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand. 13And when he went out the second day, behold, two men of the Hebrews strove together: and he said to him that did the wrong, Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow? 13And he went out the second day, and, behold, two men of the Hebrews were striving together: and he said to him that did the wrong, Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow? 14And he said, Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? intendest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? And Moses feared, and said, Surely this thing is known. 14And he said, Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? And Moses feared, and said, Surely the thing is known. 15Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to slay Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of Midian: and he sat down by a well. 15Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to slay Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of Midian: and he sat down by a well.

16Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters: and they came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock.

16Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters: and they came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock. 17And the shepherds came and drove them away; but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock. 17And the shepherds came and drove them away: but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock. 18And when they came to Reuel their father, he said, How is it that ye are come so soon to day? 18And when they came to Reuel their father, he said, How is it that ye are come so soon to-day? 19And they said, An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and also drew water enough for us, and watered the flock. 19And they said, An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and moreover he drew water for us, and watered the flock. 20And he said unto his daughters, And where is he? why is it that ye have left the man? call him, that he may eat bread. 20And he said unto his daughters, And where is he? why is it that ye have left the man? call him, that he may eat bread. 21And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter. 21And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter. 22And she bare a son, and he called his name Gershom; for he said, I have been a sojourner in a foreign land. 22And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land.

Vespers

weekly cycle

Job — Job 2.1-10

1Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them to present himself before the LORD.

1Again it came to pass on the day when the sons of God came to present themselves before Jehovah, that Satan came also among them to present himself before Jehovah. 2And the LORD said unto Satan, From whence comest thou? And Satan answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it. 2And Jehovah said unto Satan, From whence comest thou? And Satan answered Jehovah, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it. 3And the LORD said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? and still he holdeth fast his integrity, although thou movedst me against him, to destroy him without cause. 3And Jehovah said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job? for there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and turneth away from evil: and he still holdeth fast his integrity, although thou movedst me against him, to destroy him without cause. 4And Satan answered the LORD, and said, Skin for skin, yea, all that a man hath will he give for his life. 4And Satan answered Jehovah, and said, Skin for skin, yea, all that a man hath will he give for his life. 5But put forth thy hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will renounce thee to thy face. 5But put forth thine hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will curse thee to thy face. 6And Jehovah said unto Satan, Behold, he is in thy hand; only spare his life. 6And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, he is in thine hand; but save his life.

7So Satan went forth from the presence of Jehovah, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown.

7So went Satan forth from the presence of the LORD, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown. 8And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down among the ashes. 8And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself therewith; and he sat among the ashes.

9Then said his wife unto him, Dost thou still retain thine integrity? curse God, and die. 9Then said his wife unto him, Dost thou still hold fast thine integrity? renounce God, and die. 10But he said unto her, Thou speakest as one of the foolish women speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips. 10But he said unto her, Thou speakest as one of the foolish women speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips.

Gospel

— Presanctified weekly cycle

Matthew — Matthew 26.6-16

6Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper,

6Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, 7There came unto him a woman having an alabaster box of very precious ointment, and poured it on his head, as he sat at meat. 7there came unto him a woman having an alabaster cruse of exceeding precious ointment, and she poured it upon his head, as he sat at meat. 8But when his disciples saw it, they had indignation, saying, To what purpose is this waste? 8But when the disciples saw it, they had indignation, saying, To what purpose is this waste? 9For this ointment might have been sold for much, and given to the poor. 9For this ointment might have been sold for much, and given to the poor. 10When Jesus understood it, he said unto them, Why trouble ye the woman? for she hath wrought a good work upon me. 10But Jesus perceiving it said unto them, Why trouble ye the woman? for she hath wrought a good work upon me. 11For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always. 11For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always. 12For in that she poured this ointment upon my body, she did it to prepare me for burial. 12For in that she hath poured this ointment on my body, she did it for my burial. 13Verily I say unto you, Wheresoever this gospel shall be preached in the whole world, there shall also this, that this woman hath done, be told for a memorial of her. 13Verily I say unto you, Wheresoever this gospel shall be preached in the whole world, that also which this woman hath done shall be spoken of for a memorial of her.

14Then one of the twelve, called Judas Iscariot, went unto the chief priests,

14Then one of the twelve, who was called Judas Iscariot, went unto the chief priests, 15And said unto them, What will ye give me, and I will deliver him unto you? And they covenanted with him for thirty pieces of silver. 15and said, What are ye willing to give me, and I will deliver him unto you? And they weighed unto him thirty pieces of silver. 16And from that time he sought opportunity to betray him. 16And from that time he sought opportunity to deliver him unto them.