St Theodore Tyro (the Recruit)

Saints commemorated

• Saint of the day

  Theodore the Recruit

  Theodore the Recruit (†c. 306) — Tyron, "the recruit" or "the conscript," from the Latin tiro — was a young soldier newly enrolled in the Roman legion, stationed at Amasea in Pontus during the persecution of Maximian, and one of the two great warrior-martyrs named Theodore whom the Church honours. Refusing to sacrifice to the gods, and given a stay in which the authorities hoped he would relent, he instead set fire by night to the temple of the Mother of the gods (Cybele/Rhea); arrested and racked, comforted in prison by a vision of Christ, he was at the last burned alive, and gave up his soul in the flames. His body was buried at Euchaita by a pious woman, Eusebia, and Gregory of Nyssa preached his praise at the shrine there. He is famous above all for a posthumous wonder: when Julian the Apostate secretly ordered the food of Constantinople defiled with blood offered to idols during the first week of Lent, Theodore appeared to the archbishop and bade the faithful eat boiled wheat (kollyva) instead — for which the Church keeps his memory each year on the First Saturday of Great Lent, besides his fixed feast on February 17.

• Holy Fathers Slain at St Sabbas Monastery

  On March 20 the Church commemorates the monks of the Great Lavra of Saint Sabas — the monastery of Mar Saba in the Judaean desert — who were massacred by marauding desert nomads about the year 796, in the disordered years of early Abbasid rule over Palestine. Raiders fell twice upon the defenceless community above the Kidron gorge; when the monks yielded up what little the poor house possessed and still the plunderers found no treasure, they turned to torture and slaughter, driving many of the fathers into the cave-church of Saint Nicholas and choking them with the smoke of a fire kindled at its mouth. Some twenty monks died of wounds and suffocation, among them John, Sergius, and Patrick; the survivors, tended by the abbot Thomas, buried their dead and kept the Lavra. The sufferings were set down by an eyewitness monk of the house, Stephen the Sabaite, and the day stands as one of the great witnesses of Palestinian desert monasticism enduring under Muslim rule.

• St Photine the Samaritan Woman (66)

  Photini (first century – c. 66) is the name the Church gives to the Samaritan woman whom Christ met at Jacob's Well near Sychar and to whom, alone among all to whom he spoke, he openly declared himself the Messiah (John 4). Tradition holds that she was baptized with the name Photini, "the enlightened," and became a fearless preacher of the Gospel — carrying it, with her two sons and her five sisters, as far as Carthage and at last to Rome in the days of Nero. There, the tradition relates, the whole company confessed Christ before the emperor, converted his daughter Domnina and the officer Sebastian sent to break them, and after fearful tortures were martyred about the year 66 — Photini herself, it is said, cast at the end into a dry well, the well of her witness answering the well of her calling. She is honoured as Great-Martyr and Equal-to-the-Apostles. Her fixed commemoration is February 26; her principal feast is the movable Sunday of the Samaritan Woman, the fourth Sunday after Pascha, on which the Church reads the Gospel of the Well.

• St Cuthbert the Wonderworker, Bishop of Lindisfarne (687)

  Cuthbert (c. 634 – 687) was the greatest saint of the early English Church and the wonderworker of Northumbria — a shepherd boy who, seeing in a vision the soul of Bishop Aidan borne to heaven, became a monk of Melrose, then prior of Lindisfarne, a tireless missionary among the villages of the north, and at last, drawn against his will from the solitude of the Farne islands, bishop of Lindisfarne. He united in one life the Celtic and the Roman streams of British Christianity, accepting the Roman usages of the Synod of Whitby while keeping the ascetic austerity of the Irish tradition, and he was famed in life and after death for miracles, for his gentleness, and for a familiarity with the wild creatures and the sea that the tradition treasures. He reposed on his hermit's island of Inner Farne on March 20, 687; his body was found incorrupt eleven years later, and his relics, carried through centuries of upheaval, came at last to rest at Durham. He is honoured throughout the Orthodox calendar as a father of the undivided Church.

• Euphrosynus of Sinozersky

  Euphrosynus (mid-sixteenth century – 1612), born in Karelia and named Ephraim in the world, was a Russian hermit who withdrew into the forests of the Novgorod land and settled beside the remote Blue Lake (Sinozero), where he founded a hermitage of the Holy Trinity and lived in prayer and great austerity. In the anarchy of the Time of Troubles, when Polish-Lithuanian bands and brigands ravaged the northern countryside, Euphrosynus foresaw the coming of the raiders and warned the people who had taken refuge near him to flee; but he himself, together with the monk Jonah, refused to abandon his cell, and awaited the marauders in prayer. When they came, demanding the monastery's supposed treasure, they struck him down before his own cross on March 20, 1612. He is honoured as a venerable-martyr and wonderworker of the Novgorod land.

• Nicetas the Confessor of Apollonias

  Nicetas was archbishop of Apollonias in Bithynia in the early ninth century, and one of the confessors of the holy icons in the second iconoclast persecution. When the Emperor Leo V the Armenian (813–820) revived the war on the images, Nicetas stood firm in their veneration, refused to submit to the imperial policy, and was for this confession deposed from his see and sent into exile, in which he ended his life. Because he suffered — deprivation, hardship, and banishment — for the faith without dying of it, the Church numbers him among the confessors, and keeps his memory on March 20.

• The Virgin-Martyrs of Amisus

  On March 20 the Church commemorates a company of Christian women martyred at Amisus in Pontus (the Black Sea city, modern Samsun) in the last of the pagan persecutions — seven virgins whose names the calendars hand down as Alexandra, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia and Theodosia (Theodora). In the persecution under the Emperor Maximian, about the year 310, these women openly confessed Christ before the ruler of the province and, refusing to sacrifice to the idols, were subjected to torture and put to death by fire. Honoured together as virgin-martyrs, they are one of the several companies of women whom the age of the persecutions gave to the Church, and on the Slavonic calendar their memory is joined on this day to that of Photini the Samaritan Woman.

British Isles and Ireland

• St. Herbert, hermit of Derwentwater (687)

Troparia & kontakia

Readings